Renal glucosuria is defined as the excretion of detectable amounts of glucose in the urine without diabetes or hyperglycemia. Few data exist regarding the prevalence of renal glucosuria and its clinical impact on atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
METHODS:
This study included 47,842 subjects (16,913 men, 35.4%) aged ≥40 years who underwent the Japanese specific health checkup in Kanazawa City during 2014. We defined renal glucosuria as fulfillment of all of the following three criteria: 1) detectable glucosuria; 2) the absence of diabetes; 3) normal blood glucose (<110 mg/dl fasting, and <140 mg/dl non-fasting). The presence of renal glucosuria and of factors associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease and stroke, was assessed.
RESULTS:
The criteria for renal glucosuria were met by 665 (1.4%) subjects. Significantly higher proportions of subjects with renal glucosuria exhibited coronary artery disease, stroke, or either outcome than those without (14.9% vs. 12.1%, p = 0.0305; 9.9% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.00255; 22.3% vs. 17.0%, p = 4.0 × 10-4, respectively), but multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that renal glucosuria was not associated with coronary artery disease (odds ratio [OR] = 0.940, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.748-1.171, not significant), stroke (OR = 1.122, 95% CI = 0.853-1.453, not significant), or atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (OR = 1.122, 95% CI = 0.853-1.453, not significant).
Characteristics of the subjects with renal glucosuria
Variable
All (N = 47,842)
Renal glucosuria YES (N = 665)
Renal glucosuria NO (N = 47,177)
p value
Coronary artery disease (%)
5787 (12.1)
99 (14.9)
5688 (12.1)
0.03054
Stroke (%)
3303 (6.9)
66 (9.9)
3237 (6.9)
0.002551
ASCVD (%)
8159 (17.1)
148 (22.3)
8011 (17.0)
4.0 × 10−4
Trends of the amount of renal glucosuria and cardiovascular outcomes
CONCLUSIONS:
These results indicate that the prevalence of renal glucosuria in the Japanese general population was 1.4%, and that renal glucosuria was not associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases per se.
Impact of clinical signs and genetic diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia on the prevalence of coronary artery disease in patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia
Tada H, Kawashiri MA, Nohara A, Inazu A, Mabuchi H, Yamagishi M.
Eur Heart J. 2017 May 21;38(20):1573-1579. Impact Factor (2016): 19.651
The impact of positive clinical signs (xanthoma and/or family history) and positive familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) mutation status on risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) over and above that predicted by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level alone has not been fully determined. We assessed whether positive clinical signs and genetic FH diagnosis affected CAD risk among subjects with significantly elevated LDL cholesterol levels (≥180 mg/dL, or ≥140 mg/dL in subjects <15 years of age).
Methods and results
Three genes causative for FH (LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9) were sequenced in 636 patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia (mean age, 45 years; 300 males [47%], CAD diagnosis, 185 [29%]), and the presence of clinical FH signs (xanthoma and/or family history) were assessed. CAD prevalence was compared between four subject groups categorized based on these parameters.
Compared with the reference group without FH mutations or clinical signs of FH, subjects with clinical signs of FH or FH mutations had three- to four-fold higher odds of developing CAD (odds ratio [OR], 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–14.5; P = 0.0011 and OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.0–10.9; P = 0.0047, respectively), whereas those with clinical signs of FH and FH mutation(s) had >11-fold higher odds of developing CAD (OR, 11.6; 95% CI, 4.4–30.2; P = 1.1 × 10−5) after adjusting for known risk factors including LDL cholesterol.
Conclusion
Our findings revealed an additive effect of positive clinical signs of FH and positive FH mutation status to CAD risk among patients with significantly elevated LDL cholesterol.